Introduction
Miniature
painting of Cilicia,
a small Armenian Kingdom
that existed on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea from 1080 to 1375,
is one of the most exciting phenomena in the history of Armenian art.
Talented miniaturists of the scriptorium at Hromkla
stand out in the constellation of the 13th-century Cilician painters,
Toros Roslin, the fascinating master of the brush, being the most prominent
personality among them.
The works of Toros Roslin occupy the most significant place in the book
painting of the Cilician state and medieval Armenia. His art is dealt
with in many books and articles in different languages of the world, and
his name is mentioned in various publications concerning the history and
culture of Armenia.
Illustrative cycles of miniatures are of special interest in the heritage
of the splendid master. Full-page illustrations of his codices in many
respects predetermined the evolutionary trends in the iconography and
style of the Cilician book painting of subsequent decades in the 13th
century. Many unknown miniatures of the artist, preserved in the manuscripts
in various collections all over the world and published in the last few
decades permit marking out illustrative cycles of miniatures and grouping
them to study the evolution of the most significant themes in Roslin's
creative work.
Roslin's and his colleagues' knowledge of the art of the peoples in the
Mediterranean states and West European countries influenced the illustrative
cycles of these manuscripts. The significance of this problem resides
in the fact that the appearance of full-page miniatures in the book painting
of Roslin workshop radically changed the system of illustrating in Armenian
manuscripts.
It is not possible to evaluate all originality of Roslin's creative work
and the logic of the genesis of illustrative cycles over the course of
his entire career, not having reconstructed the integral picture of cultural
contacts of the Cilician Armenian state and other countries.
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Levon Chookaszian, The Art of
Byzatium, Countries of the Latin West and the Heritage of Toros Roslin.
- The 17th International Byzantine Congress, Dumbarton Oaks/Georgetown
University, Washington D.C., August 3-8, 1986, Abstracts of Short
papers (Washington D.C., 1986), p. 61-63; Idem, The Creative Activity
of Toros Roslin and Byzantine Book Painting. - XVIII International
Congress of Byzantologists, These of Reports, vol. 1, M.V. Lomonosov
Moscow State University, August 8-15, 1991 (Moscow, 1991), p. 232-233;
Idem, The Art of Toros Roslin. - In: National Gallery of Art, CENTER
13, Record of Activities and Research reports (Washington, 1993),
p. 53-54.
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